Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany.
Identifieur interne : 000057 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000056; suivant : 000058Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany.
Auteurs : Elizabeth C. Velliky [Allemagne] ; Patrick Schmidt [Allemagne] ; Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet [France] ; Sibylle Wolf [Allemagne] ; Nicholas J. Conard [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of human evolution [ 1095-8606 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
The Aurignacian (ca. 43-35 ka) of southwestern Germany is well known for yielding some of the oldest artifacts related to symbolic behaviors, including examples of figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments. Another aspect of these behaviors is the presence of numerous pieces of iron oxide (ocher); however, these are comparatively understudied, likely owing to the lack of painted artifacts from this region and time period. Several Aurignacian-aged carved ivory personal ornaments from the sites of Hohle Fels and Vogelherd contain traces of what appear to be red ocher residues. We analyzed these beads using a combination of macroanalytical and microanalytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We found that the residue is composed of the iron oxide mineral hematite (Fe2O3). Further analyses on associated archaeological sediments by X-ray diffraction revealed the absence of hematite and other iron oxide mineral phases, suggesting that the hematite residues were intentionally applied to the ivory personal ornaments by human agents. These findings have important implications as they represent evidence for the direct application of ocher on portable symbolic objects by early Homo sapiens in Europe. Furthermore, our results reveal shared behavioral practices from two key Aurignacian sites maintained over several millennia and illuminate aspects of pigment use and symbolic practices during a pivotal time in the cultural evolution of humans.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900
PubMed: 33260040
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, France
- Bade-Wurtemberg, District de Stuttgart, District de Tübingen, Île-de-France
- Paris, Stuttgart, Tübingen
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany.</title><author><name sortKey="Velliky, Elizabeth C" sort="Velliky, Elizabeth C" uniqKey="Velliky E" first="Elizabeth C" last="Velliky">Elizabeth C. Velliky</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), Faculty of Humanities, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Archaeology/Centre for Rock-Art Research and Management, M257, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: elizabeth.velliky@uib.no.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), Faculty of Humanities, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Archaeology/Centre for Rock-Art Research and Management, M257, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region><settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Patrick" sort="Schmidt, Patrick" uniqKey="Schmidt P" first="Patrick" last="Schmidt">Patrick Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellot Gurlet, Ludovic" sort="Bellot Gurlet, Ludovic" uniqKey="Bellot Gurlet L" first="Ludovic" last="Bellot-Gurlet">Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, "de La Molécule Aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies", MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, "de La Molécule Aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies", MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Sibylle" sort="Wolf, Sibylle" uniqKey="Wolf S" first="Sibylle" last="Wolf">Sibylle Wolf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J" last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33260040</idno><idno type="pmid">33260040</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000096</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000096</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000096</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000096</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000096</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany.</title><author><name sortKey="Velliky, Elizabeth C" sort="Velliky, Elizabeth C" uniqKey="Velliky E" first="Elizabeth C" last="Velliky">Elizabeth C. Velliky</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), Faculty of Humanities, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Archaeology/Centre for Rock-Art Research and Management, M257, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: elizabeth.velliky@uib.no.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), Faculty of Humanities, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Archaeology/Centre for Rock-Art Research and Management, M257, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region><settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Patrick" sort="Schmidt, Patrick" uniqKey="Schmidt P" first="Patrick" last="Schmidt">Patrick Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellot Gurlet, Ludovic" sort="Bellot Gurlet, Ludovic" uniqKey="Bellot Gurlet L" first="Ludovic" last="Bellot-Gurlet">Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, "de La Molécule Aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies", MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, "de La Molécule Aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies", MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Sibylle" sort="Wolf, Sibylle" uniqKey="Wolf S" first="Sibylle" last="Wolf">Sibylle Wolf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J" last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of human evolution</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-8606</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Aurignacian (ca. 43-35 ka) of southwestern Germany is well known for yielding some of the oldest artifacts related to symbolic behaviors, including examples of figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments. Another aspect of these behaviors is the presence of numerous pieces of iron oxide (ocher); however, these are comparatively understudied, likely owing to the lack of painted artifacts from this region and time period. Several Aurignacian-aged carved ivory personal ornaments from the sites of Hohle Fels and Vogelherd contain traces of what appear to be red ocher residues. We analyzed these beads using a combination of macroanalytical and microanalytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We found that the residue is composed of the iron oxide mineral hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). Further analyses on associated archaeological sediments by X-ray diffraction revealed the absence of hematite and other iron oxide mineral phases, suggesting that the hematite residues were intentionally applied to the ivory personal ornaments by human agents. These findings have important implications as they represent evidence for the direct application of ocher on portable symbolic objects by early Homo sapiens in Europe. Furthermore, our results reveal shared behavioral practices from two key Aurignacian sites maintained over several millennia and illuminate aspects of pigment use and symbolic practices during a pivotal time in the cultural evolution of humans.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33260040</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-8606</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>150</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of human evolution</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Hum Evol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>102900</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0047-2484(20)30161-5</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The Aurignacian (ca. 43-35 ka) of southwestern Germany is well known for yielding some of the oldest artifacts related to symbolic behaviors, including examples of figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments. Another aspect of these behaviors is the presence of numerous pieces of iron oxide (ocher); however, these are comparatively understudied, likely owing to the lack of painted artifacts from this region and time period. Several Aurignacian-aged carved ivory personal ornaments from the sites of Hohle Fels and Vogelherd contain traces of what appear to be red ocher residues. We analyzed these beads using a combination of macroanalytical and microanalytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We found that the residue is composed of the iron oxide mineral hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). Further analyses on associated archaeological sediments by X-ray diffraction revealed the absence of hematite and other iron oxide mineral phases, suggesting that the hematite residues were intentionally applied to the ivory personal ornaments by human agents. These findings have important implications as they represent evidence for the direct application of ocher on portable symbolic objects by early Homo sapiens in Europe. Furthermore, our results reveal shared behavioral practices from two key Aurignacian sites maintained over several millennia and illuminate aspects of pigment use and symbolic practices during a pivotal time in the cultural evolution of humans.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Velliky</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth C</ForeName><Initials>EC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), Faculty of Humanities, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Archaeology/Centre for Rock-Art Research and Management, M257, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: elizabeth.velliky@uib.no.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schmidt</LastName><ForeName>Patrick</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bellot-Gurlet</LastName><ForeName>Ludovic</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, "de La Molécule Aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies", MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wolf</LastName><ForeName>Sibylle</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conard</LastName><ForeName>Nicholas J</ForeName><Initials>NJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>28</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Hum Evol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0337330</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0047-2484</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Archaeometry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mineral pigments</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Raman spectroscopy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Symbolic behavior</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Upper paleolithic</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>11</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33260040</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0047-2484(20)30161-5</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>France</li></country><region><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>District de Stuttgart</li><li>District de Tübingen</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Paris</li><li>Stuttgart</li><li>Tübingen</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bade-Wurtemberg"><name sortKey="Velliky, Elizabeth C" sort="Velliky, Elizabeth C" uniqKey="Velliky E" first="Elizabeth C" last="Velliky">Elizabeth C. Velliky</name></region><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J" last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><name sortKey="Schmidt, Patrick" sort="Schmidt, Patrick" uniqKey="Schmidt P" first="Patrick" last="Schmidt">Patrick Schmidt</name><name sortKey="Wolf, Sibylle" sort="Wolf, Sibylle" uniqKey="Wolf S" first="Sibylle" last="Wolf">Sibylle Wolf</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Bellot Gurlet, Ludovic" sort="Bellot Gurlet, Ludovic" uniqKey="Bellot Gurlet L" first="Ludovic" last="Bellot-Gurlet">Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SanteMusiqueV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000057 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000057 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SanteMusiqueV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:33260040
|texte= Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:33260040" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SanteMusiqueV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |